It does sound like you have power issues.
If it is power then yes it does pose a threat to your system.
back up all your important data on a removable drive.
one thing that will happen is your hdd will randomly lose its file system on crash. Also you will fry your ram chips.
I know because I had this same problem with my old pc.
It would run fine, until something graphic intensive was happening and then just suddenly shut down.
cost me 2 hard drives, irreplaceable data and four 2gig chips to realize what the problem was. (stupidity can burn -but hey, lesson learned)
now I have become captain power source spreading the word and unleashing the awesome power of apples.
Sometimes I like to use words out of contents