Luke., I'd suggest City Builder Games as well as Old School Adventure Games.
In fact the three that I'd recommend are:
Discworld
Monkey Island
Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis
Beyond that, yeah City Builders (Strategy) Games are excellent as well... things like Two Point Hospital, Industries of Titan, Jurassic World., what makes these good are they force kids into future planning.
Sure; you get that with RTS like Starcraft or Command & Conquer; but those are more immediate "I see a problem and can solve it"., it's quite literally a case of adaptive strategy to emerging circumstances to beat an opponent.
In the case of a "City Builder"., well it's different... you're instead Planning for what you want to do next; your essentially doing all the boring mundane things they'll eventually HAVE to learn to do, but in a way and setting that makes it feel more engaging and entertaining.
Of course there are also Social Games, like Jack-in-the-Box ... which are great to get children to be competitive but in a non-combative way.
It's just a collection of Mini Dinner Party style games., but are an excellent way to foster socialisation.
Another one that comes to mind is Besieged., which is a Creative Game where you construct various physics based devices to beat a scenario... such-as "Storm a Keep" or such.
But then there's also the obvious of Kerbal Space Program... similarly physics based, but focused on Space Aeronautics and Exploration. (mind everyone knows about that one)
