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Geek Culture / Hard-drive actual size vs. advertised size

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Chris K
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 00:53
I am about to buy an external hard-drive, and it is really annoying how they can be advertised as 1TB or 500GB or whatever when it fact there is actually only 940GB storage space.

How can they get away with that??

I mean, that isn't a little bit, that's more space missing than this computer's whole HD!

What is it, space used up in formatting and stuff? Seems pretty excessive.

-= Out here in the fields, I fight for my meals =-
ionstream
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 01:01
Yeah it's memory used for formatting and the system that depends on the allocation size, security settings, etc. They're not lying though, if the hard drive was to be treated as a massive array then it would have as much memory available to it as it's advertised.

SunnyKatt
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 01:25
I love external hard drives so much....

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Destrugter 1
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 01:27
Yeah it's not faulty advertising...they have to use some of the space for stuff like formatting like iostream said.
tha_rami
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 01:49
I think most of the HD's have this little

* Not all memory is available for storage

warning. Where I worked I sure know they did.


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Richard Davey
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 02:27
Hard drive space is worked out in base 10, 1 GB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes.

Windows however uses base 2, so 1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes.

This is pretty much for historical reasons. Basically base 10 doesn't convert into base 2 evenly, so you get "missing" bits.

When hard drives were in their infancy (i.e. a 20MB drive was considered big) this difference didn't matter because the differences were so small. These days with 1.5TB drives around, it's much more noticeable.

That is why nearly all drives carry a "formatted" size.

The reported space available isn't to do with allocation size or system settings, that only comes into play when you start using the drive: for example storing what appears to be a 1KB file can often take up way more than this of actual drive space (depending on a whole host of factors).

That's why if you view the Properties for a file you'll see both "Size" and "Size on disk" reported in Windows, because they're not the same thing.

However this isn't related to the base10/2 differences I'm afraid, but it does all factor into how quickly you'll fill a drive up!

Cheers,

Rich

flickenmaste
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 04:06
yeah like for my laptops HD space it said 120GB but i got 143 GB


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Osiris
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 04:55
Why not just change HD's to base 2 then and save people the hassle?

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Phaelax
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 09:00
The amount of usable space on a drive does depend on the file system that formats it, however, they're all pretty darn close.

And any harddrive that claims 500GB thats acutally smaller due to "1GB = 1000000 Bytes" and doesn't state that measurement could be liable for faulty advertising. It happened to WD not that long ago.


bitJericho
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 10:16
Quote: "Why not just change HD's to base 2 then and save people the hassle?"


because 1tb sounds bigger than 940gb.


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Richard Davey
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 11:46
Quote: "Why not just change HD's to base 2 then and save people the hassle?"


Two reasons: 1) HDDs are not just used in Windows. KDE & Gnome on Linux will report accurate and correct byte counts, because it understands the difference between a KB and a KiB.

2) Because it's not the hard drive that has the base unit wrong. Using SI Units 1 KB is actually 1000 bytes. That is the true and correct definition of a kilobyte.

PCs, Macs, & RAM use KiB / GiB but present the information as if they are KB/GB. This is just plain wrong, but they're never going to change.

It's not just OSs though - CDs get it wrong (using KB instead of KiB), whereas DVDs get it right.

I bet there are loads of interesting articles on this if you dig in Google for a bit.

Raven
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 12:08 Edited at: 19th Aug 2008 12:17
Quote: "Hard drive space is worked out in base 10, 1 GB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes.

Windows however uses base 2, so 1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes"


Windows? Try computers themselves are Base 8.
Still what Rick says is kinda backwards truth.

Hard Disks are given the size they're capable of in real terms.
For example 250GB HDD is 250,048,479,232 Bytes

As you can see you have exactly 250GB, let's convert this to actual usable space shall we.

250GB = 244,187,968 KiloBytes (divide by 1,024)
250GB = 238,464 MegaBytes (divide by 1,024)
250GB = 232 GigaBytes (divide by 1,024)

If you have a 250GB HDD, you'll notice this is the size it will say you have (despite NTFS taking 8MB for reserved purposes)

So the question is more, how does 250GB in Bytes; only end up as 232GB in GigaBytes? Becuase no company actually bothers physically translating capacity. Why would they? While you physically don't have 18GB there in real gigabytes, marketing wise your HDD sounds bigger and therefor better saying it does.

What they're doing is literally using base 10 to scale down bytes; when a byte is 1,024 (a base 8 number .. well yes technically base 2, but as the lowest size on modern hardware is 8bit being a single byte, that makes it base 8).

They can get away with this too because while it's not true computer speaking; it is true that the number seen can be said to be GB not real GB. There has always been an uproar about companies doing this to make it easier for those who aren't computer literate to understand that 1 billion(US) bytes isn't 1GB; but it's easier just to claim it is.

If you want to know exactly how large the hard disk you're getting will be, then do some simple arithmatic. After all Windows itself will tell you the sizes available to you in physical space not converted space.

Quote: "Because it's not the hard drive that has the base unit wrong. Using SI Units 1 KB is actually 1000 bytes. That is the true and correct definition of a kilobyte.

PCs, Macs, & RAM use KiB / GiB but present the information as if they are KB/GB. This is just plain wrong, but they're never going to change."


No.
KiB and KB are identical ways of saying the same measurement!
Just because it's a common belief that computer values are decimal, this is just incorrect and never will be correct until computers can actually count to 10 in a single byte.

Standard Definition is 1 KiloByte = 1,024 Byte ... !1 KiloByte = 1,000 Byte
Computers are not metric in nature.
Just because people want to put metrics to them, doesn't mean it is correct.

Richard Davey
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 13:01
Quote: "Standard Definition is 1 KiloByte = 1,024 Byte ... !1 KiloByte = 1,000 Byte"


That's the 1950s created US centric JEDEC definition, it was never a global standard.

The 1999 revised IEC 60027-2 version is the current true standard, and it clearly lists 1024 bytes as a kibiBit, in an attempt to clear up the confusion that surrounds this sphere of computing.

This is still a large area of discussion and debate in the IT world, but that doesn't make your claims a standard. The International Electrotechnical Commission and ISO bodies create the global standards; not you.

David R
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 14:40 Edited at: 19th Aug 2008 20:07
Quote: "yes technically base 2, but as the lowest size on modern hardware is 8bit being a single byte, that makes it base 8
"


Erm... what? Base is nothing to do with the lowest number/size - it's the quantity of symbols used to make up a number (and by your logic, base 10 should be called base 0, because 0 is the lowest size/number between 0-9. Which Doesn't quite make sense...)

Quote: "KiB and KB are identical ways of saying the same measurement!"


Isn't that akin to saying the MiB and MB are the same? Which they blatantly are not (MiB being 125KB, obviously)


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Chris K
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 15:29
Quote: "yes technically base 2, but as the lowest size on modern hardware is 8bit being a single byte, that makes it base 8"


Raven as gracious in defeat as ever.

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Roxas
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 15:54
Wow Raven i actually read all your post

5867Dude
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 18:51
Well they ussally say unformatted value in the small print for a hard drive. Its not that much of a scam. They just want to see things and they are being honest

Benjamin
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 20:02
Quote: "Just because it's a common belief that computer values are decimal, this is just incorrect and never will be correct until computers can actually count to 10 in a single byte."



Pixelator
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 23:04
computers cout to 255 in a byte.

computers count in binary. we count in decimal. 1 byte is 8 bit. bit stands for binary digit. so, a byte is 8 digits of binary. in decimal, we can count to 99999999 with 8 digits, not 10.

Quote: "Quote: "yes technically base 2, but as the lowest size on modern hardware is 8bit being a single byte, that makes it base 8
"

Erm... what? Base is nothing to do with the lowest number/size - it's the quantity of symbols used to make up a number (and by your logic, base 10 should be called base 0, because 0 is the lowest size/number between 0-9. Which Doesn't quite make sense...)"


exactly.

if you see something being advertized as an
x bit somethingorother then there's were you have the size of the smallest data bus.


google it. wikipedia it. also, for those who are curious about how cpu's actually work look through this sight, and if your really curious, the whole web ring.http://cpuville.4t.com/index.htm

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Raven
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 23:24
Quote: "That's the 1950s created US centric JEDEC definition, it was never a global standard.

The 1999 revised IEC 60027-2 version is the current true standard, and it clearly lists 1024 bytes as a kibiBit, in an attempt to clear up the confusion that surrounds this sphere of computing.

This is still a large area of discussion and debate in the IT world, but that doesn't make your claims a standard. The International Electrotechnical Commission and ISO bodies create the global standards; not you."


Well if you're going to go by the ISO for it you should be writing them as kB mB etc... as that is their given standardization, which is currently ONLY adopted by Linux.

Unix, Windows, MacOS, etc. still use the JEDEC definitions which begin with the capitalisation or alternatively the IEC that begin capitalisation with a little i.

e.g. MB and MiB are identical to 1024^2 where-as mB is 1000^2

Given Microsoft Windows and MacOS-based products are what almost the entire Hard Disk market is aimed towards, those are the products that are dictating the standards rather than some board of people who are not a group of peers but instead are there simply to say "this is right, you do it our way else it isn't standard"

That's just bullcrap. Market leaders or a group of peers should dictate the standards... Manufacturers hide behind the ISO whenever they want to advertise to the public to make themselves look better but the second they want to do something else they'll hide behind the market leaders.

CDs even using ISO-9660 do not show available space in the ISO/IEC standard but JEDEC. In-fact Juliot is the only one that does, which isn't required to follow any given standard at all.

If someone using a standard doesn't even follow their own guidelines how the hell does that even make it a standard?

Microsoft and Apple have been using this standard for displaying dataspace for over 2 decades, declaring they should change it simply cause a bunch of suits say so is just niave and stupid. Especially given the platform you're trying to use them on.

What makes this worse is that the JEDEC system actually makes far more sense when you want to convert between bit and Byte. As it is a physical measurement of the data space available and utilised that will be the same as what it is in memory instead of something that the public would be able to figure out in their heads a little more easily.

What the ISO did was simply to cause more confusion to what companies will use for the public as they can sit behind what they have said in a semantics debate; as it suits them claiming that more space is available than is physically there.

Meaning that people not only have to use one system that is already there and defined by the sodding hardware itself, and spend more CPU cycles converting that to something more "obvious" than simply displaying what the memory offset spits back.

I firmly believe they should completely scrap the whole concept of metric measurements for anything computer related, because as I said before... there aren't 10bits per byte, there are 8. That is how the hardware has been design and developed for over half a century.

What the ISO did when they declared those as the "standards" that almost no one uses, was to tell people hardware is wrong an they are right.

That isn't standardisation that is just mounted confusion. Standardisation would've been to declare 1 = 1024, end of story.
As only a single Operating System that is barely used by business and home users alike utilises it, how on earth can it be called a standard?

Seriously, explain to me how this is in any fashion a standardisation?

It's like having a room full of 100 people, and they all fold napkins. 90 of them fold them into square and the other 10 fold them into triangles... yet because there is a small group of 5 people in other room decide that triangles are a better way of doing it; had nothing to do with anyone in that room, they just decided it on their own. For some reason that makes them right.

Cause that's how these damn standards for "showing data size" came about. Unlike things like C and C# that the creators themselves write out the standards that are to be followed to call their language such.

You know why it happened like that, it's because no one person invented the computer and digital technology. What I don't bloody understand though is why it wasn't a peer review system like ARB have for OpenGL. That would've actually made some bloody sense, but NOOOOOO it was a bunch of suits in a room who know sod all about computers making the decisions because it was believed "we need an external unbias decision"; which is bullcrap in itself, because it should be the industry that works daily with such things that should decide it.

As I said before... a standardisation of this fashion isn't something that can be dictated by some "board", especially when the majority do not agree. If you want to follow ISO then fine do so, sit there claim them as a standard; on the flipside the computer industry itself doesn't follow these standards.

In-fact try this and read through the manual that came with your HDD, and you'll notice it states "Estimated 250,000,000 Bytes" rather than saying 250GB. All hardware manufacturers also have on their websites disclaimers about this as well.

Sure it sounds good... 250GB, but when the physical data it can hold is 232GB; it's just crap in order to sell more cause it sounds larger and more rounded. You know that's the only reason retailers and manufacturers will ever claim to follow the standards as well, simply to cover their backsides legally. Has nothing to do with them believing what-so-ever in the standard.

Anyone who feels even remotely surprised by such things in this day and age are just beyond crazy niavity.

Hell, you guys at TGC have done similar stuff with your products. It's all about how you say something that what you've said... eh?
At the end of the day it's all business though, so it's cool.

You'll follow whatever suits your interests best at that given moment. Screw the public.. once they parted with money there's nothing they can do about it. Legally they don't have a leg to stand on, despite they've been blatently lied to.

I mean you say this is purely my view, not a standard; but again look at the industry itself. I'd say there is far more companies that back my view, than those who back the so-called "standards" that I doubt will ever be adopted by the big names.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilobyte

Not the line that it's been "Forbidden to use 1024" as the definition; this has been the case for several years now... yet Microsoft and Apple both continue this useage. You honestly believe that will change anytime soon?

Hell, they don't even use ISO for their bitrates for data transfering.

Just to lighten the mood

Richard Davey
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 23:42
... and breathe.

Mahoney
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 23:43
Raven, dude, that post.

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ionstream
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Posted: 19th Aug 2008 23:44 Edited at: 19th Aug 2008 23:44
I would use the word "kibibyte" but I don't think they could have picked a fruitier word.

David R
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 01:26 Edited at: 20th Aug 2008 01:27
Quote: "
e.g. MB and MiB are identical to 1024^2 where-as mB is 1000^2
"


I actually meant to write MBit rather than MiB (since Mbit IS 125KB). Even so, I'm fairly certain even those definitions can be incorrect depending on context - for instance, MB is also defined as 10^6 bytes

All of the units are ambiguous to be honest, so it's just ultra confusion - hence why we have HD manufacturers taking us for a ride


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SunnyKatt
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 02:29
Was that raven's longest post yet? He's known for making ultra posts, but that... was just epic.

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Benjamin
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 02:31
Oh, believe me most of his defensive posts are that length.

JoelJ
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 03:16 Edited at: 20th Aug 2008 03:16
for a defensive post, that was actually a short raven post... but it's always an interesting read


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Jimmy
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 03:18
Quote: "I would use the word "kibibyte" but I don't think they could have picked a fruitier word."


I think it's cute

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Zappo
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 03:49
If market leaders dictated standards then it would be Seagate, Western Digital or Maxtor etc. who would pick the standard - not MS or Apple.

The general public see kilo as meaning 1000 - just like in kilometre, kilogram, kilojoule, kilohertz etc. which have been around a lot longer than computers, MS and Apple. It was when base 2 (binary) was used for computer storage and the closest they could get were measurements of 1024 when things got confusing. They should have called it something else in my opinion than using 'kilo'.


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Jeku
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 03:58 Edited at: 20th Aug 2008 03:59
Quote: "They should have called it something else in my opinion than using 'kilo'."


I disagree. Using kilo, mega, giga, tera, etc. allows us a quicker way of knowing how big a size in general. Those naming conventions have been used in a metric system for a long time--- ask a common layperson how much they'd guess a gigabye to be, and if he lives in a metric society, he will assume it's a billion bytes, which is close enough to the real answer. I mean, why do we need a separate name and memorization technique for 1,073,741,824 bytes?

I think the hard drive manufacturers simply refer to gigabyte as 1,000,000,000 bytes because they can get away with having a much smaller physical capacity and advertise it as such.


Zappo
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 04:14
Quote: "I mean, why do we need a separate name and memorization technique..."

Because of threads like this
Basically its because a kilobyte is not 1000 bytes - which is what people expect it to be. When I worked in tech support I lost count long ago of the amount of times I had to explain to customers that they weren't being ripped off when they looked at their formatted disk sizes. It gets very tiresome and still goes on today.


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ionstream
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 04:30
Quote: "I think it's cute "


Cute as it may be, saying it makes you sound like you have a stutter!

Also xkcd seems to agree with me, hovering over the comic that Raven linked to says:

Quote: "I would take 'kibibyte' more seriously if it didn't sound so much like 'Kibbles N Bits'."


Mahoney
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 04:43
Quote: "Basically its because a kilobyte is not 1000 bytes - which is what people expect it to be."


I'm surprised that so many consider it 1000 bytes. I've known for a very long time that it's a base 2 system.

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tha_rami
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Posted: 20th Aug 2008 05:08
Raven, you're getting more punctual in your posts! Good to see .


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