For indie developers there's rarely more than two options: publish the game yourself, or formally submit a demo of the game to a major development and distribution company like EA, Ubi, Konami, etc. In either case, there's quite a lot you'll need to know.
I've never submitted a game for publishing with a major studio, and I never will. Not that I hate major studios or anything, but I personally would rather release my games how I want them to be without someone telling me what I should or must change, even if that means I'll make less money than others. I'm a firm believer in the concept that an indie developer can distribute on their own and still make a ton of money. It's rare, but some people have pulled it off. For example, take a look at the December 2006 issue of Game Developer Magazine. The postmortem in this latest issue covers Introversion's Defcon, which was self-developed and distributed and made on a relatively small budget. It's a lot of work... you'll need to be as much a salesman as you are a developer... but no one will tell you what you have to change about your game, and you won't be sharing the bulk of your profits with some other company. If you're going to self-release a title, the best way to do it (as far as I know anyway) includes these steps:
1. Make a website for your studio, and then a sub-site or page about your game
2. A few days or even weeks before the games release, advertise online as much as humanly possible. Drive up your site's traffic as much as possible (visit
this thread for more on that), go into chat rooms and tell people about your game (don't send bots... do it yourself), hit up relevant forums about the game, etc.
3. Post your title on your site, but also distribute it on as many other download sites as you can find.
4. Keep advertising! You'll want to reach as many people as you can throughout the course of your game.
Then of course there's the finding-a-publisher method. Getting games published with major distributors is a lot harder than most people realize. In most instances, you won't be able to say "hey there Electronic Arts, I have this awesome idea for a game!" They'll want to actually see what it is you're doing and talking about, and they'll want some assurance that you know what you're talking about as well. For that, you'll want to make a demo of the game. That should be your very first step. Make a playable demo that showcases your concepts and gameplay schematics. Then, write up a
design document to distribute with your demo. From there on, you'll want to do some studying on how to submit your demo and design document... I suggest you pay a visit to
www.gamedev.net for more information on that. They don't have the friendliest forums in town, but they have dozens and dozens of interesting, helpful articles regarding this very topic (and tons of other topics, too). Gamasutra.com is a good resource as well.
I hope this post was helpful in some minute way
Good luck getting published. It's not going to be easy... there's no point-&-click method of getting published, and you should be weary of anyone who tries to sell you anything that says otherwise. But if you're serious about and dedicated to your game, and willing to either work toward making a demo or work toward making a final product, there's options out there for you.
"In an interstellar burst, I'm back to save the universe"